Duration Of Treatment Hours And Level Of Dependence Of Cancer Patients Affect Caregiver’s Stress Level
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with complex side effects that can interfere with the body functions, impacting on increasing patient dependence on caregivers. This study objectives was to prove the duration of treatment hours and the level of dependence of cancer patients affect caregiver’s stress level. This was a cross-sectional study. Population 50 caregivers who live at the Indonesian Cancer Foundation East Java Branch Surabaya Indonesia and only 30 samples were chosen based on inclusion criteria. Instruments used duration of treatment hours questionnaire, KATZ index and caregiver stress self-assessment. All instruments had been tested validity and reliability. Ethical procedures were done before the research starts. After the data collected it was analyzed used a multinomial logistic regression test with p < 0.05. The majority of participants taking care of cancer patients for 4 – 6 hours/day (56.7%), most of the cancer patients who treated by caregivers, experienced moderate levels of dependence (50%) and the majority of caregivers experienced stress at moderate levels (56.7%). There was a significant effect between the duration of treatment hours and the level of dependence of cancer patients on the caregiver’s stress level. The duration of treatment hours affect 34.3% on caregiver’s stress level (p = 0.03) and level of patient’s dependence affect 41.9% (p = 0.01). The longer hours of care lead to less caregiver’s free time for their personal needs, so that most of the time is used for patient care. Likewise, the higher the level of patient dependence on caregivers, the more time is given for care and can further trigger stress on caregivers.
References
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27. Werdani YDW. Effect of Cancer Related Fatigue tTo the Level of Independence of Cancer Patients and Caregiver Stress Level. Folia Medica Indones [Internet]. 2018 Jul 5 [cited 2018 Nov 10];54(2):108. Available from: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/FMI/article/view/8859
28. Longacre ML, Ross EA, Fang CY. Caregiving Choice and Emotional Stress Among Cancer Caregivers. West J Nurs Res [Internet]. 2014 Jul [cited 2019 Nov 23];36(6):806–24. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24221954
29. Östlund U, Wennman-Larsen A, Persson C, Gustavsson P, Wengström Y. Mental health in significant others of patients dying from lung cancer. Psychooncology [Internet]. 2010 Jan [cited 2019 Nov 23];19(1):29–37. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19253315
30. Haun MW, Sklenarova H, Brechtel A, Herzog W, Hartmann M. Distress in Cancer Patients and Their Caregivers and Association with the Caregivers’ Perception of Dyadic Communication. Oncol Res Treat [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2019 Nov 23];37(7–8):5–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25138298
31. Tan J-Y, Molassiotis A, Lloyd-Williams M, Yorke J. Burden, emotional distress and quality of life among informal caregivers of lung cancer patients: An exploratory study. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) [Internet]. 2018 Jan 1 [cited 2019 Nov 23];27(1):e12691. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/ecc.12691
32. Mirsoleymani S, Rohani C, Matbouei M, Nasiri M, Vasli P. Predictors of caregiver burden in Iranian family caregivers of cancer patients. J Educ Health Promot [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Nov 23];6(1):91. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29114558
33. Sullivan AB, Miller D. Who is Taking Care of the Caregiver? J patient Exp [Internet]. 2015 May [cited 2019 Nov 23];2(1):7–12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28725810
2. Haidinger R, Bauerfeind I. Long-Term Side Effects of Adjuvant Therapy in Primary Breast Cancer Patients: Results of a Web-Based Survey. Breast Care [Internet]. 2019 Feb 15 [cited 2019 Nov 21];14(2):111–6. Available from: https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/497233
3. Nemati S, Rassouli M, Ilkhani M, Baghestani AR. Perceptions of family caregivers of cancer patients about the challenges of caregiving: a qualitative study. Scand J Caring Sci [Internet]. 2018 Mar 1 [cited 2019 Nov 20];32(1):309–16. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/scs.12463
4. Geng H, Chuang D, Yang F, Yang Y, Liu W, Liu L, et al. Prevalence and determinants of depression in caregivers of cancer patients. Medicine (Baltimore) [Internet]. 2018 Sep [cited 2019 Nov 21];97(39):e11863. Available from: http://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00005792-201809280-00005
5. National Alliance for Caregiving, AARP. Caregiving in the U.S. 2015;(April):1–83.
6. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Hasil Utama Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta; 2018.
7. Northouse LL, Katapodi MC, Schafenacker AM, Weiss D. The Impact of Caregiving on the Psychological Well-Being of Family Caregivers and Cancer Patients. Semin Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2012 Nov 1 [cited 2019 Nov 21];28(4):236–45. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749208112000575
8. LeSeure P, Chongkham-Ang S. The Experience of Caregivers Living with Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis. J Pers Med [Internet]. 2015 Nov 19 [cited 2019 Nov 21];5(4):406–39. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26610573
9. Teixeira RJ, Applebaum AJ, Bhatia S, Brandão T. The impact of coping strategies of cancer caregivers on psychophysiological outcomes: an integrative review. Psychol Res Behav Manag [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Nov 21];11:207–15. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29872357
10. Hopps M, Iadeluca L, McDonald M, Makinson GT. The burden of family caregiving in the United States: work productivity, health care resource utilization, and mental health among employed adults. J Multidiscip Healthc [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Nov 21];10:437–44. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255364
11. Kim Y, Schulz R. Family Caregivers’ Strains. J Aging Health [Internet]. 2008 Aug 17 [cited 2019 Nov 23];20(5):483–503. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420838
12. Craigs CL, West RM, Hurlow A, Bennett MI, Ziegler LE. Access to hospital and community palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: A longitudinal population analysis. Glod JW, editor. PLoS One [Internet]. 2018 Aug 8 [cited 2019 Nov 23];13(8):e0200071. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200071
13. Williams A-L, McCorkle R. Cancer family caregivers during the palliative, hospice, and bereavement phases: A review of the descriptive psychosocial literature. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2011 Sep 15 [cited 2019 Nov 23];9(3):315–25. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838952
14. Berry LL, Mate KS. Essentials for improving service quality in cancer care. Healthcare [Internet]. 2016 Dec [cited 2019 Nov 23];4(4):312–6. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28007225
15. Glajchen M. Physical well-being of oncology caregivers: an important quality-of-life domain. Semin Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2012 Nov [cited 2019 Nov 23];28(4):226–35. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23107180
16. Stenberg U, Ruland CM, Miaskowski C. Review of the literature on the effects of caring for a patient with cancer. Psychooncology [Internet]. 2009 Dec 14 [cited 2019 Nov 23];19(10):1013–25. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20014159
17. Kent EE, Rowland JH, Northouse L, Litzelman K, Chou W-YS, Shelburne N, et al. Caring for caregivers and patients: Research and clinical priorities for informal cancer caregiving. Cancer [Internet]. 2016 Jul 1 [cited 2019 Nov 23];122(13):1987–95. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26991807
18. Delalibera M, Presa J, Coelho A, Barbosa A, Franco MHP. Family dynamics during the grieving process: a systematic literature review. Cien Saude Colet [Internet]. 2015 Apr [cited 2019 Nov 23];20(4):1119–34. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25923623
19. Hsu H-T, Lin K-C, Wu L-M, Juan C-H, Hou M-F, Hwang S-L, et al. Symptom Cluster Trajectories During Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Outpatients. J Pain Symptom Manage [Internet]. 2017 Jun 1 [cited 2019 Nov 23];53(6):1017–25. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28196783
20. Rohleder N, Marin TJ, Ma R, Miller GE. Biologic Cost of Caring for a Cancer Patient: Dysregulation of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2009 Jun 20 [cited 2019 Nov 23];27(18):2909–15. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19433690
21. National Alliance for Caregiving. Caregiving in the U . S . National Alliance for Caregiving. 2016.
22. Hastert TA, Ruterbusch JJ, Nair M, Noor MI, Beebe-Dimmer JL, Schwartz K, et al. Employment Outcomes, Financial Burden, Anxiety, and Depression Among Caregivers of African American Cancer Survivors. J Oncol Pract [Internet]. 2019 Sep 7 [cited 2019 Nov 23];JOP1900410. Available from: http://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JOP.19.00410
23. Brazil K, Bainbridge D, Rodriguez C. The Stress Process in Palliative Cancer Care: A Qualitative Study on Informal Caregiving and its Implication for the Delivery of Care. Am J Hosp Palliat Med [Internet]. 2010 Mar 14 [cited 2019 Nov 23];27(2):111–6. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20008823
24. Zafar SY, Peppercorn JM, Schrag D, Taylor DH, Goetzinger AM, Zhong X, et al. The Financial Toxicity of Cancer Treatment: A Pilot Study Assessing Out-of-Pocket Expenses and the Insured Cancer Patient’s Experience. Oncologist [Internet]. 2013 Apr 1 [cited 2019 Nov 23];18(4):381–90. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23442307
25. Sonmez OU, Arslan UY, Esbah O, Helvaci K, Turker I, Uyeturk U, et al. Effects of comorbidities and functional living activities on survival in geriatric breast cancer patients. Contemp Oncol (Poznan, Poland) [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2019 Nov 23];18(3):204–10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25520582
26. Neo J, Fettes L, Gao W, Higginson IJ, Maddocks M. Disability in activities of daily living among adults with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev [Internet]. 2017 Dec 1 [cited 2019 Nov 23];61:94–106. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29125982
27. Werdani YDW. Effect of Cancer Related Fatigue tTo the Level of Independence of Cancer Patients and Caregiver Stress Level. Folia Medica Indones [Internet]. 2018 Jul 5 [cited 2018 Nov 10];54(2):108. Available from: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/FMI/article/view/8859
28. Longacre ML, Ross EA, Fang CY. Caregiving Choice and Emotional Stress Among Cancer Caregivers. West J Nurs Res [Internet]. 2014 Jul [cited 2019 Nov 23];36(6):806–24. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24221954
29. Östlund U, Wennman-Larsen A, Persson C, Gustavsson P, Wengström Y. Mental health in significant others of patients dying from lung cancer. Psychooncology [Internet]. 2010 Jan [cited 2019 Nov 23];19(1):29–37. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19253315
30. Haun MW, Sklenarova H, Brechtel A, Herzog W, Hartmann M. Distress in Cancer Patients and Their Caregivers and Association with the Caregivers’ Perception of Dyadic Communication. Oncol Res Treat [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2019 Nov 23];37(7–8):5–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25138298
31. Tan J-Y, Molassiotis A, Lloyd-Williams M, Yorke J. Burden, emotional distress and quality of life among informal caregivers of lung cancer patients: An exploratory study. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) [Internet]. 2018 Jan 1 [cited 2019 Nov 23];27(1):e12691. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/ecc.12691
32. Mirsoleymani S, Rohani C, Matbouei M, Nasiri M, Vasli P. Predictors of caregiver burden in Iranian family caregivers of cancer patients. J Educ Health Promot [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Nov 23];6(1):91. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29114558
33. Sullivan AB, Miller D. Who is Taking Care of the Caregiver? J patient Exp [Internet]. 2015 May [cited 2019 Nov 23];2(1):7–12. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28725810
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